Frequently Asked Questions for Phase I ESAs in Hawaii

If you’re buying, refinancing, or developing commercial property in Hawaii, a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) is often required. This guide answers the most common questions about Phase I ESAs in Hawaii, including cost, timeline, requirements, and what to expect.

A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (Phase I ESA) is a due diligence report that evaluates a property’s environmental risk. It is conducted under ASTM standards and is typically required by lenders and investors before closing a commercial real estate transaction.

The purpose is to identify potential environmental concerns and help buyers, lenders, and other parties make informed decisions regarding environmental risk and due diligence.

A Phase I ESA in Hawaii includes a comprehensive review of the property and its history to identify environmental concerns.

This process typically includes a physical site inspection, historical research using aerial images and land records, environmental database searches, and interviews with property owners or occupants. The final report outlines any recognized environmental conditions (RECs) and whether further investigation is recommended.

Yes. Every Hawaii Phase One ESA includes a screening-level evaluation of potential vapor encroachment concerns as part of our standard due diligence process. Where warranted by the property and surrounding conditions, additional evaluation may be recommended.

A Phase I ESA is usually required when:

  • Purchasing commercial or industrial property
  • Securing or refinancing a commercial loan
  • Redeveloping land or changing property use
  • Protecting against environmental liability

 

Many commercial lenders require a Phase I ESA prepared in accordance with ASTM E1527-21. For property acquisitions where certain CERCLA landowner liability protections are sought, additional All Appropriate Inquiries requirements may also apply.

The cost of a Phase I ESA in Hawaii typically ranges from $2,000 to $4,500.

Pricing depends on factors such as property size, location, historical use, and turnaround time. Properties on neighbor islands may have higher costs due to travel and logistics.

Most Phase I ESA reports are completed within 2 to 4 weeks. Expedited reports may be completed in as little as 5–10 business days, depending on the scope and property complexity.

If potential contamination or recognized environmental conditions (RECs) are identified, a Phase II Environmental Site Assessment may be recommended. This involves sampling soil, groundwater, or building materials to confirm the presence of contamination.

ASTM E1527-21 is the current standard practice used for Phase I Environmental Site Assessments. When applicable requirements are satisfied, an ASTM E1527-21 Phase I ESA can help support compliance with the EPA All Appropriate Inquiries Rule and eligibility for certain CERCLA landowner liability protections.

For purposes of All Appropriate Inquiries, a Phase I ESA generally must be completed within one year before acquisition. Certain components must be completed or updated within 180 days before acquisition. Lenders may also impose their own recency requirements.

In most cases, a Phase I ESA is not required for standard residential purchases. However, it may be necessary if the property has a history of commercial or industrial use, or if required by a lender.

Hawaii has unique environmental considerations that make Phase I ESAs especially important, including:

  • Former agricultural land (pesticides, plantations)
  • Underground storage tanks
  • Coastal and groundwater sensitivity
  • Historical industrial use in certain areas

Yes, Phase I ESA services are available across Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and the Big Island, with local expertise tailored to each island’s environmental and regulatory conditions.

To get started:

Submit your property details, receive a quote, approve the scope, and the assessment process begins. Most providers can start within a few days of authorization.

If you need a fast turnaround, we offer expedited Phase I ESA services. Turnaround times as short as 5 business days may be available depending on the property.